860 research outputs found
Multi-task Regression using Minimal Penalties
In this paper we study the kernel multiple ridge regression framework, which
we refer to as multi-task regression, using penalization techniques. The
theoretical analysis of this problem shows that the key element appearing for
an optimal calibration is the covariance matrix of the noise between the
different tasks. We present a new algorithm to estimate this covariance matrix,
based on the concept of minimal penalty, which was previously used in the
single-task regression framework to estimate the variance of the noise. We
show, in a non-asymptotic setting and under mild assumptions on the target
function, that this estimator converges towards the covariance matrix. Then
plugging this estimator into the corresponding ideal penalty leads to an oracle
inequality. We illustrate the behavior of our algorithm on synthetic examples
Improving prediction performance of stellar parameters using functional models
This paper investigates the problem of prediction of stellar parameters,
based on the star's electromagnetic spectrum. The knowledge of these parameters
permits to infer on the evolutionary state of the star. From a statistical
point of view, the spectra of different stars can be represented as functional
data. Therefore, a two-step procedure decomposing the spectra in a functional
basis combined with a regression method of prediction is proposed. We also use
a bootstrap methodology to build prediction intervals for the stellar
parameters. A practical application is also provided to illustrate the
numerical performance of our approach
Engineering SU(2) invariant spin models to mimic quantum dimer physics on the square lattice
We consider the spin-1/2 hamiltonians proposed by Cano and Fendley [J. Cano
and P. Fendley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 067205 (2010)] which were built to
promote the well-known Rokshar-Kivelson (RK) point of quantum dimer models to
spin-1/2 wavefunctions. We first show that these models, besides the exact
degeneracy of RK point, support gapless spinless excitations as well as a spin
gap in the thermodynamic limit, signatures of an unusual spin liquid. We then
extend the original construction to create a continuous family of SU(2)
invariant spin models that reproduces the phase diagram of the quantum dimer
model, and in particular show explicit evidences for existence of columnar and
staggered phases. The original models thus appear as multicritical points in an
extended phase diagram. Our results are based on the use of a combination of
numerical exact simulations and analytical mapping to effective generalized
quantum dimer models.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Learning the distribution of latent variables in paired comparison models with round-robin scheduling
Paired comparison data considered in this paper originate from the comparison
of a large number N of individuals in couples. The dataset is a collection of
results of contests between two individuals when each of them has faced n
opponents, where n is much larger than N. Individual are represented by
independent and identically distributed random parameters characterizing their
abilities.The paper studies the maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters
distribution. The analysis relies on the construction of a graphical model
encoding conditional dependencies of the observations which are the outcomes of
the first n contests each individual is involved in. This graphical model
allows to prove geometric loss of memory properties and deduce the asymptotic
behavior of the likelihood function. This paper sets the focus on graphical
models obtained from round-robin scheduling of these contests.Following a
classical construction in learning theory, the asymptotic likelihood is used to
measure performance of the maximum likelihood estimator. Risk bounds for this
estimator are finally obtained by sub-Gaussian deviation results for Markov
chains applied to the graphical model
Entanglement of quantum spin systems: a valence-bond approach
In order to quantify entanglement between two parts of a quantum system, one
of the most used estimator is the Von Neumann entropy. Unfortunately, computing
this quantity for large interacting quantum spin systems remains an open issue.
Faced with this difficulty, other estimators have been proposed to measure
entanglement efficiently, mostly by using simulations in the valence-bond
basis. We review the different proposals and try to clarify the connections
between their geometric definitions and proper observables. We illustrate this
analysis with new results of entanglement properties of spin 1 chains.Comment: Proceedings of StatPhys 24 satellite conference in Hanoi; submitted
for a special issue of Modern Physics Letters
Valence bond entanglement entropy of frustrated spin chains
We extend the definition of the recently introduced valence bond entanglement
entropy to arbitrary SU(2) wave functions of S=1/2 spin systems. Thanks to a
reformulation of this entanglement measure in terms of a projection, we are
able to compute it with various numerical techniques for frustrated spin
models. We provide extensive numerical data for the one-dimensional J1-J2 spin
chain where we are able to locate the quantum phase transition by using the
scaling of this entropy with the block size. We also systematically compare
with the scaling of the von Neumann entanglement entropy. We finally underline
that the valence-bond entropy definition does depend on the choice of
bipartition so that, for frustrated models, a "good" bipartition should be
chosen, for instance according to the Marshall sign.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures; v2: published versio
Numerical Contractor Renormalization Method for Quantum Spin Models
We demonstrate the utility of the numerical Contractor Renormalization (CORE)
method for quantum spin systems by studying one and two dimensional model
cases. Our approach consists of two steps: (i) building an effective
Hamiltonian with longer ranged interactions using the CORE algorithm and (ii)
solving this new model numerically on finite clusters by exact diagonalization.
This approach, giving complementary information to analytical treatments of the
CORE Hamiltonian, can be used as a semi-quantitative numerical method. For
ladder type geometries, we explicitely check the accuracy of the effective
models by increasing the range of the effective interactions. In two dimensions
we consider the plaquette lattice and the kagome lattice as non-trivial test
cases for the numerical CORE method. On the plaquette lattice we have an
excellent description of the system in both the disordered and the ordered
phases, thereby showing that the CORE method is able to resolve quantum phase
transitions. On the kagome lattice we find that the previously proposed twofold
degenerate S=1/2 basis can account for a large number of phenomena of the spin
1/2 kagome system. For spin 3/2 however this basis does not seem to be
sufficient anymore. In general we are able to simulate system sizes which
correspond to an 8x8 lattice for the plaquette lattice or a 48-site kagome
lattice, which are beyond the possibilities of a standard exact diagonalization
approach.Comment: 15 page
Towards the total synthesis of lactonamycin
The natural product lactonamycin (1) was isolated in Japan by Matsomoto et al.. Biological evaluation
of lactonamycin (1) against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus showed significant
levels of antimicrobial activity and it was especially active against clinically isolated-MRSA and -
VRE. In addition to interesting biological properties, lactonamycin (1) possesses an intriguing
molecular architecture (Figure 1). The novel, highly functionalized hexacyclic aglycone core, known
as lactonamycinone (2) contains, in the western half, a highly-oxygenated fused perhydrofuranfuranone
bicycle connected to a labile tertiary methoxy group, and in the eastern half, a
naphtha[e]isoindole ring system. Adding to the structural complexity of lactonamycin (1), a 2,3,6-
trideoxy sugar unit is connected to the core via a highly hindered tertiary glycosidic linkage. [Molecular structure diagrams appear here. To view, please open pdf attachment] Figure 1 - Structures of lactonamycin (1) and lactonamycinone (2). A key step in the current strategy is an electrodecarboxylation reaction to introduce the angular
methoxy group. Various experiments towards this electrodecarboxylation reaction are described using
simple model substrates. In particular, the synthesis of model system (3) and investigations towards
ABCD tetracycle model system (4) are described alongside our efforts towards the synthesis of
lactonamycin (1) (Figure 2). Finally, a new synthesis of known boronic ester 5 was investigated using
the biomimetic resorcylate methodology developed in the group. [Molecular structure diagrams appear here. To view, please open pdf attachment] Figure 2 â Structures of carboxylic model system 3, ABCD tetracycle model system 4
and boronic ester 5
Microwave-stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a Bose-Einstein condensate on an atom chip
We report the achievement of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in
the microwave frequency range between internal states of a Bose-Einstein
condensate (BEC) magnetically trapped in the vicinity of an atom chip. The
STIRAP protocol used in this experiment is robust to external perturbations as
it is an adiabatic transfer, and power-efficient as it involves only resonant
(or quasi-resonant) processes. Taking into account the effect of losses and
collisions in a non-linear Bloch equations model, we show that the maximum
transfer efficiency is obtained for non-zero values of the one- and two-photon
detunings, which is confirmed quantitatively by our experimental measurements
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